Formative assignment - Organisational Culture Essay

Developmental task - Organizational Culture - Essay Example The representatives of the association need to observe the standards and guidelines in a powerful manner in order to keep up consistency and uniformity. Aside from this, the workers may attempt to introduce their internal thoughts and data before all in order to improve the nature of the product offerings of the association. At exactly that point, the scope of clients may get upgraded bringing about intensification of the whole turnover and total compensation of the association (Empire Ltd) in this serious market. Presentation The primary point of this report is to break down and assess the significance of hierarchical culture. Other than this, the report likewise assesses the ways by which HR get impacted by culture of the association. One next to the other, the ways by which hierarchical socialization is influenced by the way of life. To break down all these urgent parts, the report is isolated into five sections including writing audit, information assortment techniques, finding a nd conversation alongside an end. Culture is depicted as a kind of social paste that causes a person to carry on inside an association or society. Alongside this, culture of an individual gets exceptionally influenced by the standards, convictions, rules, guidelines and mentalities accomplished from the predecessors. Because of which, the conduct and thinking power about an individual broadly differs starting with one individual then onto the next. In this manner, it may be expressed that culture is an unmistakable example of shared convictions, qualities and standards that helps in forming socialization, practices and rules of a particular gathering. In any case, it is the way of life or demeanor of a person that helps in holding a gathering or network of individual together (Bratton and et. al. 2006, p. 234-267). Writing Review According to the writer Bratton, authoritative culture is portrayed as an allowance of faith based expectations, qualities and presumptions that encourages in the representatives to handle or handle a particular circumstance. It is the hierarchical culture that helps in improving the potential and commitment of the representatives towards work. Subsequently, it helps in improving the exhibition of the representatives accordingly intensifying the complete turnover and overall revenue of the association. Other than this, it likewise goes about as a feeling of sureness that causes a person to arrangement or handle the difficult circumstances of nature. Aside from this, association culture likewise goes about as a controlling component that helps in introducing wanted conduct in order to keep up a consistency and consistency inside the worry. This may assist an association with retaining its HR for longer timeframe bringing about progress of its supportability and seriousness in the market among different opponents. Next to each other, it additionally helps with keeping up a steady association consequently satisfying vital objectives and goals. Along these lines, it is the hierarchical culture that causes an association to extend its portfolio in the market among different contenders (Buchanan and Huczynski 2007, pp. 4-8). Subsequently, it may be delineated that hierarchical culture presents a feeling of personality to the workers that improves their self control and devotion towards the duties. Such sort of hierarchical culture is likewise seen inside the association of Empire Ltd and furthermore among its workers. In this way, notwithstanding being such a little one, it holds a supportable situation in the market amo

Promotion and Price Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advancement and Price Paper - Essay Example This paper will take a gander at the limited time and valuing procedures utilized GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Plc in the advertising Advair. Concentrating on the limited time endeavors of the organization, this report will recognize the general technique used by GSK. Next, the more explicit endeavors will be analyzed including the selection of media, content, and the message which is being passed on. This paper will likewise take a gander at the existence cycle phase of Advair and how GSK costs as per this factor. Finally, the propriety of the limited time and estimating techniques to the showcasing blend will be inspected. GlaxoSmithKline Plc is occupied with the creation, disclosure, advancement, assembling, and promoting of pharmaceutical and purchaser wellbeing related items around the world (GlaxoSmithKline Plc Profile 2007). In encouraging its mission in turning into a trend-setter and pioneer on the planet's pharmaceutical industry, GSK propelled Advair, a mix of Serevent and Flitoxide which offers a long acting bronchodilator and a mitigating in a solitary inhaler (GlaxoSmithKline Annual Report 2005) in 2001. With the organization's forceful and concentrated advancement exertion, Advair is at present perceived brand in the treatment of asthma and ceaseless obstructive aspiratory ailment (COPD). Among the items in the arrangement of GSK, Advair produces the most noteworthy income and absolute benefit. During 2005, Advair is GSK's success, posting yearly twofold digit development. So as to help this development, GSK likewise distributes piece of its spending plan in Advair limited time procedure. Being a moderately new market item in the market, Advair is propelled and presented using various media like print promotions, TVs, post office based mail, web, telemarketing, radio, and purpose of procurement. During the initial 11 months of 2006, AC-Nielsen reports that GSK burned through $120.5 million for Advair. This speaks to 16% of GSK's complete limited time uses (Lopatto 2006). Advair Promotion The limited time system of GSK has gone far in presenting and upgrading the situation of Advair in the worldwide pharmaceutical industry. In 2005, Advair is positioned seventh as far as worldwide turnover. There has additionally been an expanded utilized of the item since it was propelled in the COPD advertise in January 2004 (Timmons 2005). Both in Europe and United States, Advair is turning into a main option for the treatment of COPD. Subsequently, GSK is increasing its exertion in promoting Advair as a treatment for this sickness. During May 14, 2005 the item is likewise endorsed for the treatment of asthma in kids ages 4-11 (GlaxoSmithKline 2006). Advair profits by the quality of GSK in the treatment of asthma and COPD. The limited time methodologies of Advair, therefore, focuses on this center fitness. As referenced over, GSK's exertion in the advancement of Advair has been both broad and concentrated, utilizing practically all accessible channels. Advair is for the most part advanced as a basic segment of COPD treatment and the best and advantageous decision in asthma treatment. So as to streamline the examination of the message and substance of the advertisemen

Whats in an App admissions video essay COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Whats in an App admissions video essay COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The holidays are just around the corner! You know what that means. You have a little under 2 months to apply to our general deadline with SIPA fellowship aid consideration on January 5, 2018. Im excited to bring a new series to you this month about our application process Whats in an App. Since I know many of y’all are in the thick of preparing your stellar applications, this series of blog posts will hopefully answer your burning questions and provide helpful tips about the different components of our application. We’ll be covering a different part of the application every week for the remainder of November just in time for January 5th! Lets get started. Today’s post is about the wait for it video essay. Now, this may seem daunting and stressful; however, its only one part of the review process. This isn’t the be-all-end-all deciding factor for your admissions decision. This component provides the Admissions Committee a sense of who you are in person as well as your thought process and how you respond to questions. We’re not able to conduct in-person interviews because of the high volume of apps we receive each year, so this video response is extremely valuable to the committee and our evaluation process. In it’s second year now, the video response is fully integrated into our online application. We’ve made a significant change to the accessibility of the video essay this year it is only available AFTER you submit your application and pay the app fee. Once this is done, you’ll be able to see the video prompt in your Applicant Status page. That being said, you’ll need to manage your time well and submit your applicati on well in advance in order to access this section and test your connection, webcam, mic, etc. to ensure everything is working properly. How does it work? We have a great video (and transcript) from a prior post, explaining how to access your video essay here. Remember, you can only access this through your Applicant Status page once you submit your application and pay the app fee, but otherwise, the process remains the same. You’ll review the instructions for the video, receive a randomized test question, have 60 seconds to think of a response, then another 60 seconds to verbally communicate this. Keep in mind, you won’t be allowed to resubmit a response. Once you have recorded your response, it is automatically uploaded to your application. What type of questions will I encounter? Our questions run the gamut, from general background, to behavioral to policy related questions. These do not require extensive research beyond reading about current events/affairs in international affairs and policy. Also, there are no right or wrong answers. So breathe, relax, and tackle this response with confidence. What if I experience any technical difficulties during my video response? If you experience any issues during your recording, please reach out to us at sipa_admission@columbia.edu or call at 212-854-6216. Our regular office hours are Monday through Friday, 9 AM 5 PM EST. Keep in mind, our general deadline is at 11:59 PM EST; so please plan ahead, allow time to test your audio capabilities, and contact us during regular office hours to troubleshoot any issues.

Cyp Core 3.2 †Promote Child and Young Person Development...

CYP Core 3.2 – Promote child and young person development 1.1 Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development †¢ Confidentiality and when, for the safety of the child or young person confidentiality must be breached. †¢ Children’s wishes and feelings †¢ Ethnic, linguistic and cultural background †¢ Disability or specific requirements (Additional needs) †¢ Reliability of information †¢ Avoiding bias When assessing a child you must be careful to take into account confidentiality before carrying out an observation you must have parents and the settings permission and not to leave confidential material lying around they must be secured in a locked cabinet. Only talk to authorized personal about†¦show more content†¦Video, photography, audio CAF and the pre-caf are also assessment methods for identifying meeting invididual needs where your service provision works in partnership with outside agencies. In my setting I have chosen to intially fill out a tick sheet questionnaire in order to gage starting points to where each mindee is at in regards to their development stage. I then carry around post it notes and a pen with me in order to note down my observations, as well as taking photos with my camera. Once or twice a month i also use pre written observation sheets to write down longer observations. In the mindees daily dailys I also write mini observations in there. 2.1 Explain how development is holistic and interconnected (part covered) Development is holistic means that each area is dependant on the other to ensure the child develops to their full potential. Although development is described as different areas: physical, social, emotional, language and intellectual, each area needs to connect in order for the child to develop. So for instance a child might be highly intellectual and then be unable to butter bread. This isnt because the child is incapable of buttering bread, it just has not had the chance to practice the physical skill. Another example is a chid needs to wear glasses for school (physical) and other kids start bullying him, this can mean his self esteemShow MoreRelatedCyp Core 3.2 Promote Child and Young Person Development Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesPROMOTE CHILD AND YOUNG PERSON DEVELOPMENT 1.1 When assessing you need to take account of a range of factors: 1. Confidentiality must be kept at all times. You must have the senior practitioner’s and/or the parents’ permission before making formal observations of children. Do not to leave confidential material lying around they must be secured in a locked cabinet. Line of reporting-only talk to authorized personal about confidential material. This confidentially can only be broken when a childRead MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE  © Copyright 2011 All rights reserved worldwide.    Reproduction by approved CACHE centres is permissible for internal use under the following conditions: CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in Microsoft Word format to enable its Centres to use its content more flexibly within their ownRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 Pageschildren, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 5 H/601/4065 TDA 3.5 Develop professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 6 M/601/4070 TDA 3.6 Promote equalityRead MoreWell Being of Children and Young People7337 Words   |  30 PagesTANDY: REF No: DG66205 UNIT 3 /CODE CYP CORE 3.3 UNDERSTAND HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN amp; YOUNG PEOPLE TASK 1 TO LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ASSESMENT CRITERIA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 1.1 The first children’s act was brought out in 1989 to make it easier for the laws which protected children and young adults. It was mad clear that all children had rights and all the children services should work together in the event of any allegations of child abuse. England amp; Wales producedRead MoreEssay about Dcypw Cyp Core 3.79411 Words   |  38 PagesCYP Core 3.7: Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people. 1.1 Describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children and young people. Every one is an individual and so everyone has individual needs. It is important that as a practitioner that I always take this into consideration and consider the fact that each child will also experience their own personal situations which are unique to them. These unique situations oftenRead MoreDuty of Care Assignment Level 3 Cache Diploma7178 Words   |  29 Pages`SHC 34 PRICIPLES FOR IMPLEMENTING DUTY OF CARE IN HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE OR CHILDRREN’S AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S SETTINGS 1.1 Explain what it means to have a duty of care in your own work role Wikipedia describes â€Å"a duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others†. I understand that a Duty of Care within my work role requires many things. Firstly, the childrenRead MoreCyp Core 3.4: Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety.1724 Words   |  7 PagesUnit Title CYP Core 3.4: Support children and young people’s health and safety. 1.1: Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services. There are a lot of factors to take into account when planning a healthy and safe indoor or outdoor environment and service. These will include the needs and requirements of the children/young person firstly. The service should meet the needs of the children and young people, such as changing theRead MoreEssay on Child Care2272 Words   |  10 PagesCyp core 3.2 1.1-Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. When assessing a child you must be careful to take into account confidentiality before carrying out an observation you must have parents and the settings permission and not to leave confidential material lying around they must be secured in a locked cabinet. Only talk to authorized personal about confidential material. This confidentially can only be broken when a child is at real risk. When carryingRead Moreunit 025 understand how to safeguard the wellbeing of children and young people12685 Words   |  51 Pagesprincipal aim of this position is to safeguard and promote the rights and welfare of children. In June 2010, the Welsh Assembly Government laid down the Proposed Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure, which if passed by the National Assembly for Wales, will embed the principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child into Welsh law (NSPCC, 2010). Sharing information to safeguard children and young people Safeguarding children and young people raises issues of conï ¬ dentiality that mustRead MoreEssay on Cyp Core 3.73885 Words   |  16 PagesCYP Core 3.7: Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people 1.1 Social factors Personal choice Some families decide that they do not wish to live or act in a way in which is viewed as normal. For instance a child may be from a travelling family. The outcome of this factor is that there are people which may not be able to relate to the child or young person’s families views. If a Child is from a travelling family there is a possibility that their development at school

The Historical Events Of World War Two - 1491 Words

As the world knows, World War Two is among the most widely known historical events of our past. One of the major events that makes this time period so unique is the Holocaust which claimed the lives of around 11,000,000 victims most of which were those in the practice of the Jewish religion. A broad observation sure seems to be an eye opener, but what accounts for an even bigger shock was what you would find while taking a closer look on a more micro perspective. Many of the events in the world’s past that dealt with the elimination of a group of people were simply brushed off and ignored. And this in a large part was due to the disbelief that anything so extreme could be done by anyone. Anyone however holds more truth to it than it sounds as not every perpetrator came from a military or political setting. As we are human and possess the capability of education: from examples, what people teach us, and our personal experience. Christopher Browning, Jan Gross, Milgram, and Zimb ardo, several significant individuals took it upon themselves to illustrate, illuminate, and help us understand the idea on the reasons involved, which drove so many people to be directly apart of one of the biggest number of killings recorded to this day, the genocidal attempt on the Jewish people. To begin, we must first understand that Anti-semitism, or the act of prejudice against people in the Jewish religion, to this day is the oldest hatred that exists. As such it is a concept that has evolvedShow MoreRelatedRemembering The Road Of World War Two : Analyzing The Collective Memory Of A Historical Event1738 Words   |  7 Pagesexamined is through analyzing the collective memory of a certain historical event in a particular place. Patrick Finney’s Remembering the Road to World War Two: International History, National Identity, Collective Memory examines seven countries, the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain, the United States of America and Japan and h ow their civilians and historians collectively remember the beginning of the Second World War. This paper will examine how objective history is a myth by usingRead MoreOur World War Film Analysis1099 Words   |  5 Pages Through quality production and cinematography aired on BBC3, â€Å"Our World War†, a mini-series persisting of only three episodes, is able to demonstrate the brutality and emotional/emotionless mentality that had occurred within that time period. In â€Å"Our World War†, specifically episode one (which may act as a movie due to its length) enacts the first battle Britain had combated with the Germans in World War One, as an emotional distraught instant for the British soldiers rather than the emotionlessRead MoreB1 World War II and Its Aftermath UA Essay1683 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Unit: World War II and Its Aftermath This Unit Activity will help you meet these educational goals: Inquiry Skills—You will develop questions and plan investigations, evaluate change and continuity over time, develop credible explanations of historical events and developments based on reasoned interpretation of evidence, gather evidence, evaluate and use evidence, develop explanations and make persuasive arguments in support of your conclusions, and communicate your conclusions. 21st CenturyRead MoreTo What Extent Did Public Opinion Shape International Politics in the First Half of the Twentieth Century’?1632 Words   |  7 PagesStudent Number: Submission: Word count: 1,617 words approximately The first half of the twentieth century was indeed a time in history in which things such as two of the most deadly wars, the Russian Revolution, the Great Depression, the foundation of the UN and the start of the Cold War took place. But, were these events at any point influenced by the views expressed by citizens?. This essay is going to discuss public opinion during the first half of the twentieth century. To do so, theRead MoreGlobalization : A Short History1720 Words   |  7 Pagesevolved in the world we live in today. Nations that were once empowering and controlled many parts of the world today are seen less superior and most likely to keep peace and order rather than starting violence. In Jujen Osterhammel and Niels P. Petersson’s book Globalization: A Short History, they investigate what led to globalization. They discuss events in history starting from the 1800s to the cold war era and what events led to globalization. Osterhammel and Petersson describe every event in detailsRead MoreModern Day Society : The Legacies Of Historical Globalization1253 Words   |  6 PagesModern day society is built from legacies of historical globalization. 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The Film, Gallipoli, Directed By Peter Weir,1677 Words   |  7 Pagesand Australia’s size in the world at large. Weir’s Gallipoli is taken from an Australian perspective and presents a compressed narrative of the events that shaped Australian society during World War I. The 20th Century saw the emergence of cinematography as a primary medium. One aspect of cinematography that is popular with audiences is war movies; movies that depict key battles that helped to shape the countries involved . Gallipoli is not a war movie or even an anti-war movie; it serves instead asRead MoreThe Neutrality of Analyzing History784 Words   |  4 PagesIn a world that filled with disputes and disagreements, it is somehow difficult to describe a conflicting event in a neutral tone based on one’s own judgment, typically for those historians who attempted to examine the events occurred in the past. As a matter of fact, peopleà ¢â‚¬â„¢s perspectives may be influenced by many conditions such as their cultural identities, genders, religions, emotions etc. Therefore, it is more likely that historians tend to hold biased view that may affect their tone in neutralityRead MoreHistory Vs. Hollywood Essay528 Words   |  3 Pagesuse many historical events to spark up and idea for a movie. One historical event that is commonly used is war. One advantage a film maker has when using war as a movie plot is that there is already a lot of drama in war. This may seem like a good advantage for the film maker, however focusing on all of the drama of war leaves much of the actual info. When watching a war movie, you may feel like you have an understanding about the war, but when you really compare a war movie to an actual war you find

Negative impact of modern technology on students Free Essays

Introduction The paradigm shift in the contemporary society in relation to the learning environment witnessed in the wake of a new light of advancement in technology has had all sorts of impact on various entities in the society. The forces of globalization have been viewed directly as destructive in many ways though this is still debatable as it is subjective of personal judgment. When technology fails to be used constructively or when it does not find an effective application, technology becomes detrimental to autonomy in thinking and action. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative impact of modern technology on students or any similar topic only for you Order Now This technology has seen introduction of the gadgets of science into the classrooms, study rooms and to be specific, to the students’ life. It has impeded the capability of self creativity in students as they leave all thinking to machines like computer and the hi-tech learning gadgets. Most people argue that modern technology has a negative impact on the socialization of students because it eliminates need for physical activity, impairs critical thinking skills, and limits face to face interaction. Discussion Limits face to face interaction This is not a subject one would conclude at once by leaning on one particular side. It is therefore imperative to critically look at both sides of the divide and an analyze views on the basis of zero bias. On the contrary, and in support of the argument above, we find that technology has invaded the learning environment and turned it upside down. The introduction of computers in schools, for example, has reduced the level of student- to-student interaction and in its stead placed student-to-computer interaction to rule supreme. (Glenn M. Kleiman (2000) The Digital Classroom- http://hepg.org/hel-home/home). This means that the students spend most of their time relating and communicating with the machines rather than face-to-face interaction of the students to each other. This later on leads to development of ethical dilemmas in the future society. In such a milieu the learner prefers to associate with ‘non-physical’ characters on TV, net or web. This leads to stereotyping behavior in students. Recent research carried out in 2001, (Seemann, E. et al-(2001). Also see C. Crawford et al. 2001 , reveals that the use of computer mediated communication and technology in the learning environment has great impact in changing the lives of students in the classroom. It further indicates that through modern technology, students’ behavior in terms of interactions with the teachers and the tutors is immensely influenced as well as that among the students themselves. This approach, the researchers argue, downplays the significance of social contact hence may lead many students to fail in developing the necessary social skills to function in the world. .Impediment to Critical thinking Secondly, the use of the modern technology in learning environment may be a substantial threat to the ability of students to develop high level of critical thinking. This means that since the use of computer aided communication will entail the fingers pressing for a click of the mouse, liberation of ideas will be thwarted and thus hinder creativity. When there is no liberation of ideas there’s little or no creativity and therefore originality and subsequent development take a back seat. Because of availability of a machine with ready-to-use programs, the student will not care questioning of the present method of approach to a problem and therefore will not discover new ways and means of solving a given problem. Eliminates need for physical activity The technology can also play quite a significant role in producing laziness in terms of reduced physical dexterity to engage in any exercise that involves exercise to the body. The importance physical exercises play to the body is of great relevance to the healthy development of a physically fit individual. The above research also reiterates that even physical activity by students becomes a nightmare as the only involvement of the student will be the hand or fingers, the eyes together with ears- if there be any additional item on the list, it should be nothing other than maximum fixation to the screen, (Seaman, E. et al-(2001)). Opposing arguments On the other side of the divide lies the great relevance computer aided communication and technology based learning have in modeling individual students in the classroom and the society. Those who argue that the relevance of technology in a learning environment is absolute contend that though the technology may have some negative impacts, the positive achievements are far much superb and outweigh the negative ones.   This argument holds that a student needs to develop the skills referred to as the multiple intelligences (Howard Gardner, 1983). Gardner says that the use of the powerful technological enables speeded development of these intelligences. In addition, human machine interaction enables an individual to think, communicate and deliberate on ideas through development of creativity in words, speech and writing. Most modern technology like some computer software that allows young children to and illustrate their own narratives or stories before their motor skills are fully developed enhance learning and creativity to start early in life. Even though the use of computer aided communication and the technology in the conveyance of learning information is objected by some, learners are able to interact closely with mathematical intelligences which enable them to memorize, and carry out mathematical operations in addition to thinking mathematically, analytically and logically before applying the understanding to solve problem. Through these modern systems students are able to interact with scientists exploring the depths of certain places but electronically. The students also develop high ability to understand the world they live in through what they see thus developing spatial or visual intelligence. By development of kinesthetic intelligence students are able to learn through dexterity and coordination thus developing the ability to express their feelings better thereby removing any doubts of ethical dilemmas. The students too can have musical intelligence thus be able to perform and appreciate or create music by whichever means, voice, dance or instruments. Though some scholars argue and maintain that use of the technology reduces the student’s socialization capability, others maintain that in the real sense the technology gives the student the chance to gain high levels of interpersonal intelligence thus being able to cooperatively work with others. This is done through electronic networking. Refutation The bias that is revealed when trying to analyze the argument from one viewpoint is quite evident. Technology has been of great importance in improving the quality of education, the efficiency in acquisition of information and effective application of positive changes in the society and realization of the relevance of these changes to the learning environment. At the same time, it would still be unwise to refute the negative impacts of the technology to the social relations, physical activity and critical thinking of the students in their classrooms. However, the positive role played in enhancing the appreciation of technology in the learning environment cannot go without being lauded. The role for sure supersedes by far the demerits that accompany it. Conclusion To be of maximum benefit and relevance, application of technology in the learning environment must be applied with care and consideration in order to make the learning process to be qualitatively different and attractive. As we embrace the benefits of having technology, we must also prepare to deal with its negativities. This way, the learning process in the classroom can become richer and pose less threat to the values and autonomy of every individual student. Otherwise it would have an impact that is not desirable whether the learning environment is home-based or institutional one. References: Seemann, E., Wilkinson, L., et al. Impact of Technology on Socialization of Student in the Classroom, 2001. Kleiman, Glenn M. The Digital Classroom- 2000. Accessed on Friday April 25, 2008 from URL: http://hepg.org/hel-home/home Crawford et al. (Eds.), Proceedings of Society for Teacher Education and Information Technology. International Conference; 2001 pp. 104-108. How to cite Negative impact of modern technology on students, Essay examples

The Enrolled Nurse Scope of Practice free essay sample

This publication is produced by Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch) to assist registered, enrolled nurses and midwives understand the scope of practice of enrolled nurses, with particular reference to administration of medications. The information contained in this document is intended as guidance and is not a substitute for proper legal advice. Financial members of the Australian Nursing Federation (Victorian Branch) are able to access legal advice as a membership entitlement. Further information is also available on the NMBA website: www. nursingmidwiferyboard. gov. au CONTENTS Page 3 Page 4 Page 4 Page 5 Background Transitional Process Enrolled Nurse Scope of Practice Medication Administration – NMBA Approved Programs and Essentials units of study Medication Administration Qualifications for Enrolled Nurses Course Entry Level Criteria Integrating the Administration of Medicine Competencies into Enrolled Nurse Scope of Practice Course Overview Further Reading Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Background In accordance with changes associated with the shift to national registration, in effect since July 2010, medication endorsement is no longer displayed on an enrolled nurse’s registration. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enrolled Nurse Scope of Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead, the public register identifies where an enrolled nurse is unable to administer medicine as part of their scope of practice. 1 It is assumed by the NMBA that: †¢ enrolled nurses graduating from approved pre-enrolment courses run after 2008 have completed the relevant medicine administration units of competence from the national Health Training Package (HTP); and, enrolled nurses graduating from the Diploma of Nursing after 2010 will achieve the relevant education units of competence for administering medicine. In Victoria, prior to the introduction of the national registration scheme, there were several training programs in the administration of medicine available to enrolled nurses. Completion of the associated units of competency enabled enrolled nurses to expand their scope of practice. This resulted in Victorian enrolled nurses having an endorsement to administer medicines placed on their practising certificate. This endorsement notation no longer appears on the regi stration papers of endorsed enrolled nurses. It does so by placing a notation on the national nursing register (public register) against the individual enrolled nurse’s name. The notation states: â€Å"Does not hold Boardapproved qualification in the administration of medicines†. 4 The NMBA states the notation should not be seen as a punitive measure; rather it is a strategy to inform and protect the public. A transitional notation against an individual enrolled nurse’s name will remain in place for five years or until the individual enrolled nurse provides evidence to the NMBA of having completed an approved education in medicine administration. The ANF is advised the NMBA will review the transitional arrangement policy at the end of a five year period . 5 Enrolled Nurse Scope of Practice Because it is assumed, unless otherwise indicated, that all enrolled nurses are able to administer medication there will be no indication of the route of administration the enrolled nurse is authorised to administer medication by, that is orally, intramuscularly, subcutaneously and/or intravenously. It is the responsibility of the employer to sight every enrolled nurse’s qualification to practise, including their qualification to administer medication. nd it is the responsibility of the enrolled nurse to work within their scope of practice. The extended scope of practice for enrolled nurses includes the administration of medication under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act 2009. Under the Nurses Act 1993 and the Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Regulations 2006, the enrolled nurse was legally authorised to administer a prescribed drug of dependence, a Schedule 4 poison, Schedule 8 poison or Schedule 9 poison via the route cited in the enrolled nurse’s qualifications. Therefore, each State and Territory has legislation which regulates the management of drugs and poisons. Furthermore, all nurses are subject to the parameters prescribed within organisational policies and guidelines of the respective health departments and health services, and the standards set by the NMBA. 4 NMBA 2010 Explanatory Notes: Enrolled nurses and medicine administration, http://www. nursingmidwiferyboard. gov. au/FAQ-and-Fact-Sheets. aspx 5 NMBA 2010 Explanatory Notes: Enrolled nurses and medicine administration, http://www. nursingmidwiferyboard. gov. au/FAQ-and-Fact-Sheets. aspx 4 Medication administration: NMBA approved programs and essential units study The NMBA has defined the difference between ‘essential requirements’ and ‘units of study’ in their 2010 Explanatory Note for enrolled nurses and medicine administration. 6 The essential requirement enabling enrolled nurses to administer medicines comes when an enrolled nurse who has completed a Certificate IV Nursing has satisfactorily completed the following units of competence from the Health Training Package: †¢ †¢ HLTAP501A – Analyse Health Information; and HLTEN507A – Administer and Monitor Medications in the Work Environment. The ‘essential requirement’ listed above is included in the Certification IV and Diploma in Nursing qualification undergraduate preparation from 2010. Enrolled nurses who have satisfactorily completed the above units of competence may then be offered: †¢ HLTEN519A – Administer and Monitor Intravenous Medication in the Nursing Environment8 an elective unit of competence, included as part of the Diploma of Nursing qualification, or as a separate unit of competence. This elective unit of competence is intended to be left separate from the ‘essential requirements’ for administration of medicine. This enables Certificate IV – Nursing graduates prior to 2008 to obtain competence in administration of intravenous medicine once the required prerequisite learning has been achieved. 6 NMBA 2010 Explanatory Note: Enrolled Nurses and Medicine Administration. http://www. nursingmidwiferyboard. gov. au/FAQ-and-Fact-Sheets. aspx 7 National Training Information Service (NTIS). 2007 Health Training Package 2007 – Enrolled Nurse Units of Competence www. ntis. gov. au/Default. aspx? trainingpackage/HLT07/volume/HLT07_5/unitsector/Enrolled_Division_2_Registered_Nursing_703 8 National Training Information Service (NTIS). 2007 Health Training Package 2007 – Enrolled Nurse Units of Competence www. ntis. gov. au/Default. aspx? /trainingpackage/HLT07/volume/HLT07_5/unitsector/Enrolled_Division_2_Registered_Nursing_703 5 Medicine Administration Qualifications for Enrolled Nurses Medicine administration courses are designed to equip the enrolled nurse with the knowledge, and sk ills to administer medication in a competent manner under the direction and supervision of a registered nurse or midwife. These courses consist of the delivery of units leading to endorsement for the enrolled nurse to administer medication and is classed as a short course comprising two compulsory units of competence. The two compulsory educational units of competence are: HLTAP501A Analyse Health Information (30 hours) This educational unit of competency describes the application of in-depth level of knowledge of anatomy and physiology required to analyse available health information in relation to specific services to be provided. This unit is a prerequisite for unit HLTEN507A. HLTEN507A Administer and Monitor Medications in the Work Environment (104 Hours) This educational unit of competency describes the skill and knowledge required of enrolled nurses to administer and monitor medications and evaluate their effectiveness for clients within a health environment. 10 This unit can only be undertaken by a student who has successfully completed HLTAP501A. The course content hours total 210 hours. The delivery of the course is divided into 134 hours of theory and 76 hours of clinical experience.

Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels The WritePass Journal

Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels 1.0 Introduction Influence of Boron on the Hot Ductility of TWIP steels 1.0 Introduction2.0 Literature Review3.0 Aim Method of Contribution3.1 Gannt Chart Project4.0 ReferencesRelated 1.0 Introduction The demand for crude steel has increased worldwide according to World Steel Association the steel production in 2010 was 1414 million tones.   This shows an increase 15% when compared to the total in 2009 where production was 1229 tonnes. What is interesting is that China accounted for 44% of this total, if China was excluded the annual total increased by 20% when we compare this to 2009.   The steel production in December for 66 countries increased by 7.8% to 116 million tonnes [1]. To meet these production demands, casting is engaged as the chosen fabrication process as it is more economically viable for high production rates than forming operations.   In particular, the technique of continuous casting is favored as a primary hot-rolling operation that produces slabs or thin sheets of steel.   These are a convenient entity that can then undergo secondary metal-forming operations. The conventional way to improve the strength and impact behavior of steel is to add small amounts of micro-alloying elements such as Al or in our case B to benefit grain.  Ã‚   Micro-alloying additions enable tensile strengths of over 500 MPa to be achieved [2] as the micro-alloys formed fine precipitates that would attach the austenite grain boundaries from moving as well as to provide strengthening via precipitation hardening.   It is important to note that these beneficial mechanical properties engineered into steels are only applicable to the finished product, where the steel is employed at room temperature as automobiles.   This point is applicable before the finished steel is even utilized, as at the high temperatures of the continuous casting operation, the steel has undesirable properties. Over the past forty years, the difficulty in casting some steels has led to great efforts in understanding the science behind the cracking processes.   The continuous casting process can to some degree be simulated using a simple laboratory hot tensile test.   Investigating the hot ductility of the steel under these laboratory conditions does give great insight into the viability of producing continuous cast steel free from transverse cracking.   It has been quantified that after straining a steel sample to failure, a ductility displayed as a reduction of area (R of A) value of greater than 40 % will allow for successful casting in industry [3].   These findings are further enforced with visual probing techniques such as microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).   These allow insights into the influence of grain size, precipitation hardening, cooling rates, strain rate and composition on crack propagation which are all import ant in explaining failure modes and preventing failure.   New steel types need to be tested under laboratory conditions before steel companies have the confidence for mass production in industry. 2.0 Literature Review 3.0 Aim Method of Contribution The major problem with TWIP steels is the difficult in casting it; this is because during the continuous casting operation, the cast has to be straightened as it is being cast in a curved mould.   The straightening process puts the surface and the edges of the slabs into tension and this causes cracks and this can be propagated easily into fragile steel grades this is what TWIP falls into. The aim of the project is to do a hot ductility test in which a tensile specimen is melted and then cooled to the straightening temperature which ranges from 1000-700 °C as used in the commercial casting operation.   Following this the specimen is strained to failure by using the strain rate used in the unbending operation as this is a good indicator of a steels likely hood to crack. There have been indications that that by adding a small amount of boron in our case (0.001%) that this will improve the hot ductility of the new TWIP steels and this would make them easier to cast [3] As mentioned the experiment involves the ductility test in which a tensile specimen is melted and then cooled to the straightening temperature which ranges from 1000-700 °C from this we will get a hot ductility curve.   Following this I will perform microscopically and scanning electron microscope examination of the fractured surfaces to find out the mechanism of this improvement. I have 12 specimens which have been provided by POSCO. The machine used for the tensile test is the Hounsfield Tensometer which is situated at City University. 3.1 Gannt Chart Project 4.0 References [1] ISSB: World Steel Review (Iron Steel Bureau, February 2011) [2] Abu Shousha, R., I: Hot Ductility of Steels (PhD thesis, City University) [3] – Discussions with   Prof B.Mintz

The Meaning of Nani in Japanese

The Meaning of 'Nani' in Japanese The word nani  Ã¤ ½â€¢ (㠁 ªÃ£  «) in Japanese means what. And depending on the situation, you might, instead, use  nan (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œ). Which term you use depends on the context, in particular, whether you are speaking or writing formally or informally. The sentences below are listed first in a transliteration of the Japanese phrase or sentence, followed by the spelling in Japanese characters- using  kanji,  hiragana, or  katakana  as appropriate- followed by the translation in English. Where indicated, click on the link to bring up a sound file and hear how to correctly pronounce the word or sentence in Japanese. Using Nani or Nan in a Sentence Nani is the more formal and polite term to use when asking a question, as in: Nani  wo  suru  tsumori  desu ka? (㠁 ªÃ£  « ã‚’ 㠁™ã‚‹ 㠁 ¤Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£â€šÅ  㠁 §Ã£ â„¢ 㠁‹)   What do you intend to do? or What are you planning to do? In more casual situations it would  be  fine to use nan. As a general rule,  if the word following what begins with a syllable from the t, n, and d groups, use nan, as in: Nandeshou? (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  §Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†) What do you want? More on Using Nan vs. Nani Nan is used before  particles.  A particle is a word that shows the relationship of a word, phrase, or clause  to the rest of the sentence.  Particles are added to the end of sentences to  express the speaker  or writers  emotions, such as doubt, emphasis, caution, hesitation, wonder, or admiration. You might use  nan   with a phrase such as /㠁 ®, /㠁 § (which means of the and is pronounced no de)  and verb da/desu (打㠁 §Ã£ â„¢ ), meaning it is hitting or it is striking. Nani is used before: /㠁‹ (meaning or and pronounced as ka)  and /㠁 « (meaning into a and pronounced as ni). Be careful when you use nan because, for example, if you use  nan  before ka  (/㠁‹), which means or, it would sound like the word nanka  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ â€¹), which means things like. Another example would be if you were to use  nan with  ni (/㠁 «), it would be nanni  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  «), meaning why, but this sounds very much like nannimo  (㠁 ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  «Ã£â€šâ€š), which translates as nothing at all. Using Nani or Nan in Context You might use  nani  or  nan  in a restaurant. Depending on whether you are at a formal business luncheon or a casual eatery, you might use either of these terms. For example, at fast food eatery you might say: Osusume wa nan desu ka.  (㠁Šå‹ §Ã£â€š Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹) What do you recommend?Are wa nan desu ka. (㠁‚ã‚Å'㠁 ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š) What is that?   If you are at a more formal eatery, but you dont know what to order, you might ask a fellow diner: Nani ga oishii desu ka. (ä ½â€¢Ã£ Å'㠁Šã â€žÃ£ â€"㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š) What is good? If you are traveling on a train and need to ask for help from a stranger or train conductor, that would be considered a more formal situation in Japan. Thus, you would use  nani  and might say: Tsugi  wa  nani  eki  desu ka.  (æ ¬ ¡Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã© §â€¦Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š) What is the next station? However, if you are traveling with a friend, you might use   the informal  nan, as in: Nan-ji  ni  demasu  ka.  (ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£  «Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š)   What time does it leave?

Dinosaurs (In Science) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dinosaurs (In Science) - Research Paper Example As in moderns day nature â€Å"nature abhors a vacuum† (Aristotle, quoted by Link, 2011 ) and so dinosaurs developed to fit into every niche, large, small, carnivorous, herbivorous etc. It is possible to tell what each creature ate if their teeth are examined. Just as the teeth of dogs and cows are very different, to suit their individual diets, so the teeth of meat eating dinosaurs are very different from those of the vegetarians. They also carried an impressive array of body part including such extras as scales, horns, collars and crests, what Viegas (2012) describes as ‘Feathered, clawed and jaws,’. So far, the remains of over 1,000 different dinosaur species have been identified from fossils though technically, birds are feathered dinosaurs, meaning dinosaurs aren't really extinct at all. The fact that some dinosaurs have been found which are feathered adds emphasis to evolutionary ideas and the hypothesis that birds are direct descendants of some dinosaurs, a n idea first put forward as long ago as 1870 ( Stone 2010) brings to mind other scientific questions such as who are the predecessors of mankind. Some, although not all dinosaurs, are known as being ‘bird hipped’ because of their particular anatomical features. They were . small, agile, and walked on two legs, unlike some much larger relatives. One such example is the Lesothosaurus Diagnosticus, a medium sized herbivore, first discovered in Southern Africa, within the kingdom of Lesotho, in 1978 ( National Geographic, 2012). It is so birdlike that it looks somewhat like a plucked bird. The dinosaurs were a highly diverse and successful group. They are often said to have lasted for far more than 100 million years, being the dominant from of life on land for some 160 million years, but if one includes birds then they are still around ( BBC, Science and Nature: Prehistoric Life, undated). Yet most of them did disappear, which has lessons perhaps for man , who acts as if th e world belongs to him by right. Dinosaur remains are often found in association with rocks which can be dated to a particular time. These rocks are usually sedimentary rocks, formed during a great ancient flood , massive floods are often being mentioned in ancient legends in many civilizations, despite the fact that the oldest humanoids found have been dated to only 4.4 million years ago (Schmid, 2009). Perhaps people were describing another cataclysmic flood. If so that will surely also be found in the geological record. According to Gilroy, most dinosaurs became extinct 65.5 million years ago, but it seems that there were survivors , and some dinosaur remains have quite recently been dated at some 700,000 years later (2011). So the picture isn’t at all clear. There was not for instance just one massive extinction period , but two. Viegas, ( 2012) describes the Permian extinction, when 90 per cent of all life on earth was destroyed, the most devastating extinction of all ti me, from insects to plants. Marine creatures as well as those on land were affected as well as amphibians and reptiles. Dinosaurs often had air sacs which enabled them to survive in poor air quality

Enhancing the Self through Tennis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enhancing the Self through Tennis - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that players can choose from one-on-one game play or doubles matches, involving four or more combatants on the court. Whatever version of the game they decide, tennis provides a forum where players maintain routine socialization with opponents, creating the opportunity for increased camaraderie and the development of long-term friendships both on and off the court. In contemporary society, a common theme can be observed which promotes the professional and social benefits of teamworking and networking as methods to enhance life successes. With this in mind, tennis provides the opportunity to build a solid set of social skills, improving one's ability to work positively with others. Whether one-on-one or doubles, this athletic pastime could potentially provide an opportunity to network with others on the court, perhaps creating a chance to advance one's career through newfound prospects.As the essay declares  most interesting to improving one's personal su ccesses through tennis is the old adage which suggests that practice makes perfect. Virtually anyone familiar with the game would likely offer that perfecting tennis skills represents a significant commitment to the player. One does not walk onto the court a tennis professional, thus continued practice creates a noticeably more proficient player.  Personal goal-setting requires similar commitment and determination in order to emerge into the life position they desire.

Case Study Of Changing Health Behaviour Tamara Nursing Essay

Case Study Of Changing Health Behaviour Tamara Nursing Essay Health behaviour is an accomplishment that enhances, continue or intimidate an individuals health (Barkway 2009, p. 126).The desire to change personal behaviour to enhance future health outcomes is usually overrated. It is inner personalities of the person that born or been nurtured the way they were. Health behaviour influences a lot of aspects in life and it is an ongoing process throughout lifespan. Experience and environmental factors influenced a persons behaviour. To transform ones health behaviours include prevention, management of treatment, right attitudes and awareness which are also the base to individuals perspectives. Variance between behaviour and knowledge might be within Tamara who professes to value health yet still smokes. Cognitive dissonance revealed that she recognized and understand the smoking effect in her heath, but her behaviour doesnt link with her knowledge and principles. With few attempts to change her smoking behaviour without success, its not just a matter on understanding and making it simple, therefore its important to identify what is involved in the process of behaviour change and turn it to psychology (Candlin 2008, p. 192). According to (Barkway 2009, p. 138) transtheoretical model of behaviour change, accommodate both behaviour and cognitive strategies. Cognitive based therapy help people to go further towards the perpetuation stage of positive health behaviour such as smoking cessation. In Australia, smoking is the third disease that causes most death: it is liable for about 80% of all lung cancer death and 20% of all other cancer deaths. Australian spent about 21 billion dollars in a year for tobacco in health care, social cost and business and passive smoking took life over 200 people a year; half of which are children. The healthcare setting is engaging and making a lot of awareness to the public; such as stop smoking campaign, going cold turkey, quit smoking month in working environment, Australia Better Health Initiative and Tags-program are aimed at children in primary schools. All these are to motivate and encourage all the young dynamic generation to quit smoking and to save the environment. Base on Tamaras case study, personal behaviours such as smoking, financial, fit in social and standard of living needs and do not need to be conventional to a health-focused model of behaviour change. Transtheorectical Model (TTM) of behaviour change analyses both behaviour and cognitive strategies. TTM also states clearly that the person can maintain the stages of positive health as maintenance and its also not uncommon for a person from maintenance stages to relapse before achieving to the stable stage. In this case study shows that Tamara has the determination to change and reached to the maintenance stage but her social circle influences are greater than her strong abilities, which makes her to reverse on the different stages in TTM. As a health professional to obtain successful outcomes of nursing care, the nurse must adopt the role as patient educator to start and facilitate the process of health behaviour change. The purpose to change a persons behaviour completely is impossib le but with effort, educations and reasoning can make the most changed in an individuals behaviour. TTM model was developed by Procaska and DiClemente (1984) from addiction research studies and was further expand by Prochaska et al (1992) as stated in (Barkway 2009 p. 138). Stages in TTM encourage a person to analyses as a cycle of change but not a failure. A precontemplation stage is where Tamara is not aware that smoking is bad to health and she does not feel as a treat because her parents are smokers and she has been broad up in such an environment that is acceptable. She might have the perception that if my parents smoke and they are healthy and so am I. Tamaras self esteem and pride that pulled her through when she is out with her friends and she feel herself been left out if she does not smoke as all her friends smoke. In the other hand she also used smoking as to maintain her body weight. In contemplation stage it is an effective stage where Tamara is aware that smoking is bad for health and in result there is a need to change after her father was diagnosed with early stage of emphysema. Her fathers state triggered Tamaras awareness and realized smoking is harmful for health. Preparation stage is where Tamara became aware the potential harm caused by smoking and makes an attempt to stop smoking by reducing it to only smoke on weekends. Action is the most crucial stage where autonomy and willpower plays an important role in decision making for an individual to choose the best for them (Leddy 2006, p. 165). For Tamara she decided to quit smoking for good due to her fathers illness. Maintenance or termination stage is whereby a person has to self control, belief on what the person need to achieve and has the resistance to temptation to surrounding environments and influences by social activities. In Tamaras situation she lacks of determination and willpower on her goals to cease smoking where the state that she relapsed and resume to daily smoking. Tamara has only short term achievement. Due to relapse, the whole process of TTM stages starts to recycle again. According to (West 2006, p. 774) argued that TTM are no stages in any significant sense and there is no cycle of change. TTM also mention that if a persons desire and if that condition is right, stimulates an attempt at change whose success depends on their background and personal factors. According to Prochaska, TTM model was the first model to tackle the subject at a population level. According to Prochaska, TTM is a progressive approach whereby individuals have to progress through stages but (West 2006, p. 775) argued that TTM should be a stage free whereby people who are at a given moment where more or less, than those who are in the process of trying to change and others who are more or less ascertain in their new behaviour styles. And yet another journal also reviewed that the effectiveness of interventions in TTM, regardless whether it is stage progression, behaviour change and with either no or with other type of intervention, or usual care control have limited evidence to be proven (Bridle et al. 2005, p. 295). According to (West 2006, p. 775) criticized TTM is a model whereby it overlooked the essential motivation process of an individual but Prochaska mentioned that TTM does include operant learning principles and not simply the positive and negative type of analysis. According to (West 2006, p. 775) that human beings inspiration is much livelier and influenced by the instant context. According to Prochaska, action stage needs a significant commitment of time and energy. This is the stage where an individual gets most recognition from others because of their visible efforts (West 2006, p. 775). Research caution not to oversight this visible action of trying to change naturally because that the individual only change when there is a must to change as when there is a need to reached the definite goal; a decisive factor which scientist and experts agree is enough to reduce risk to the problem behaviour. TTM stages function outside conscious awareness and did not follow the decision making rules where it weigh up the costs and benefits. There is modest or no consideration of the notion of addiction which is obviously a crucial consideration when it comes to smoking behaviour. Prochaska described that temptation as the strength of urges to fit in a precise habit while in complex situation. Proschaska further mention that situations of negative effect or emotional distress, positive social situations, and cravings are the most common types of temptation to acknowledge. Temptation and self-efficacy have an inverse relationship with each other across the stages of change as its proven in studies (Guo 2009, p. 834). In an article it was shown that argument about the TTM was not against the existence or measurement of discrete entities that would be nonsensical, but (West 2006, p. 774) mentioned that TTM was actually criticized on the stages. There isnt any evidence to prove that TTM measures were superior to predicting the desire or intention of health behaviour change. In order for TTM to be generalized to the population, more studies should be carried out (Bridle et al. 2005, p. 299). It is important to analyse the process of hypothesis for each stages of transition in TTM (Guo 2009, p. 834). However, with the best evidence available it is limited not only in terms of methodological quality, but also the effectiveness of TTM interventions in health behaviour change in relation to either facilitate or promote progress stage (Bridle et al. 2005, p. 299). As a health professional has traditionally been apprehension with individuals risk factors for disease, economic, social and political causes for health issues. Its a challenge for a nurse to assist a person to change his/her lifestyle and there is no miracle to make a person to change their behaviour overnight. As a first step, Tamara should prepare herself on her action and planned on what she needs to help herself. Tamara also needs to be actively taking part in her action on developing and monitor herself on her progress. The healthcare professional has to set goals for Tamara and counselling is the first step of her improvement. During this stage of behaviour change, consciousnesses should be raised and assess the knowledge, barriers and how the family members can help Tamara; also check on the degree of the readiness of Tamara in change of herself. Tamara should prepare herself emotionally to face the physical, environment and her personal values. Tamaras counselling should include on how to handle her smoking influences when attend social activity, weight loss program-exercise and the harm of smoking effect for herself and people surrounding her. Evidence shows that women who are active in exercise initiated a quit attempt, which embrace promise and motivated to quit smoking (Vidrine et al. 2006, p. 101). Also set a quitting date, teach her coping skills. Build a good healthcare professional and patient relationship. Compassionate, empathy and concern from healthcare professional, that numerous smokers have effectively quit smoking (Vidrine et al. 2006, p. 101). As a healthcare professional, encourage or engage Tamara to speak to people who have successfully changed their lifestyle habits. In the early phase of change, the immediate positive verbal feedback of her desire should be re-assessed and re-evaluated by healthcare professional. That would help the healthcare professional to evaluate on how far Tamara has achieved her target. Arrange a support group, and telephone counselling, therefore whenever she feels she need a listening ear to reduce her stress, she can get help directly. That action would help to prevent her from relapse. As a healthcare professional, motivations, support and follow up on the progress of her health behaviour changes should be reviewed every 2 to 3 week for the initial period with telephone calls review, and 1to 3months of follow ups to check on her progress. Theres a lot of other ways of interventions and different types of healthcare professionals approaches in their own unique way for smoking cessation. More healthcare professionals training is needed in cessation of smoking and further behaviour researches in general have to establish. In conclusion, even there are pros and cons in TTM stages, it should be taken the measures of the attitudes as an individual towards quit smoking. All the result supports the concept that attitudes influences both intention and behaviour. TTM stages is a useful evaluation method, it can be use as a guide and valuable psycho-educational tools. TTM also facilitate and educate candidates about the change process in nature and dynamic of change. Feedbacks on performance are accurate and timely as the progress is crucial part of the self-regulatory cycle. Usage of Transtheorectical Model is base on the type of research as different research design offers different rank of evidence about the efficiency. TTM stages help a person to know where, when, how and at which stage change of behaviour affected, such as relapse and also help the person to improve or recover from the stage of relapse. Without stages its difficult for a healthcare professional to determine at what level or degree an individual is experiencing. Currently there are a lot of evidences supporting TTM and criticizing the model therefore it will be appealing to see what future will find.

A Look at Megan’s Law

Issues of crime and punishment are often at the center of controversy.   In part, this is certainly because often, the issues raised in matters of crime and punishment do not have easy answers and sometimes, there may not be any solution at all.   Certainly, each time a legal matter arises, even with similar circumstances, the resolution to such matters can be complex and can differ with each and every case.   We can gain some understanding as to the difficulty in deciding how to view and treat such matters by considering the case of Megan's Law.On July 29, 1994 Jesse Timmendequas, already a convicted sex offender at the time, is believed to have used a puppy to lure Megan Kanka, the 7-year-old daughter of his neighbors, into his home in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, NJ and brutally raped and murdered her (Flanagan, 2004; Vachss, 1994).  Ã‚   Once inside, Timmendequas is said to have slammed Megan’s head into a dresser and suffocated her with a plastic bag before s trangling her to death with a belt.   Subsequently, he moved and raped Megan's dead body again before dumping the body in a nearby park in West Windsor, NJ.Timmendequas was convicted of murder and sentenced to death for his crime.   After his conviction, New Jersey passed a law that has come to be known as Megan's law.   The law was designed to protect a community when dangerous sex offenders move into the community.   Some states require notification only for certain types of sexual assaults while other states extended the requirement to individuals convicted of sodomy or consensual sodomy, an act that was illegal in some states even between consenting adults before the U.S. Supreme Court declared such laws unconstitutional in June 2003.Timmendequas’ actions and the subsequent legal proceedings raise questions as to just how such a situation, or any similar serious legal situation should be handled.   Was he treated fairly?   Did the Kanka family receive proper l egal restitution for the crime?   How should such cases be handled?   We want to use the Megan Kanka/Jesse Timmendequas case to ask four basic questions and seek the answers to similar questions.   First, what are the goals of punishment?Is it actually the â€Å"punishment† of the individual who committed the crime, protection of the community, both, neither or more?   Second, in situations of serious crimes of this nature, should offenders be subjected to a lifetime of repayment for their crimes after serving their allotted term of imprisonment?   Third, when considering punishment, are the rights of the victim, the community or the offender more important; are all the rights equally important?   Finally, what goal(s) was(were) the Criminal Justice System attempting to achieve by instituting Megan's law.Megan's Law has been the focus of considerable controversy and heated debate.   After Megan’s rape and murder, there was considerable controversy regardi ng the question of whether the Kanka family may indeed have known that a sex offender (not necessarily Timmendequas, however) lived in the house across the street.   Although the Kanka family denied having any knowledge of Timmendequas' criminal past as a sex offender, there was evidence to suggest that it was common knowledge that at least one of the residents of the house where Timmendequas lived had a criminal past that included sexual assault, rape and gang shootings. (Vachss 1994)Even before Megan's rape and murder, law enforcement officials knew that three convicted sex offenders lived in the house where Timmendequas lived.   Although Megan's parents' claimed not to have been aware of this fact, some of their neighbors did know of the three men's past.   Even so, Maureen Kanka, Megan's mother, felt that people should not need to rely on gossip and rumors in order to learn about the presence of convicted sex offenders in their neighborhood.Perhaps first and foremost in an y legal situation is the question as to the goal(s) of punishment.   What exactly are the goals of punishment?   Punishment for crimes is supposed to be to deter crime.   Punishment penalties and law are based on utilitarianism, the idea that there should be no unnecessary punishment (UBSBA).   This idea says that we should evaluate laws on the basis of future consequences and suggests that punishment is always bad because it causes pain.Thus, â€Å"The reason to punish is to prevent future crime and the limit is to punish only if the pain is outweighed by the happiness it creates.†Ã‚   Crime and Punishment theory proposes the four questions should be asked when analyzing legal theories of punishment.   They are, 1) Is the punishment to prevent future crimes or to punish past misconduct, 2) Does the theory of punishment assume that the crime was caused by the individual or social problems, 3) Does the theory express blame for the proscribed act and actor and4) What is the relationship between the criminal and the rest of society?   That is, is the criminal part of society or excluded from society?   The threat of punishment is believed to stop rational people from doing something that ultimately will not be to their benefit, but the deterrent value of punishment is only thought to be effective if people are aware of the punishment prior to committing crimes.Megan's law was not meant to be a form of punishment.   Rather, it was designed to be an act that would provide information to prevent potential crime in situations where the potential may be real.   Some have argued that the law may lead to vigilantes formed against convicted sex offenders and the harassment of those offenders, but that was not the intension of the law.   Its purpose was to enhance public safety.   Although former sex offenders may be harmed by the law, supporters of the law claim that whatever incidental inconvenience or harm the former sex-offender may suffer as a result of the law is an unavoidable consequence of their own past illegal behavior.   It does not outweigh the community's right to know the possible danger of their presence.This case raises the question, â€Å"Should offenders be subjected to a lifetime of repayment for their crimes after serving a term of imprisonment?†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is not an easy question to answer.   Theoretically, a person should not need to continue to pay for past crimes a second time, or continue paying for them once they have paid, but that idea is fraught with problems and more or less impossible to enforce.   In fact, it is also impossible to determine what actually constitutes â€Å"payment for crime.†In life, individuals may pay for things they have done long after they have done whatever it was even if their legal payment has been completed.   We may pay in terms of paranoia, feelings of guilt and other mental and psychological payments long after any legal payment or e ven without legal payment.   So, psychological repayment for crimes may continue for a lifetime even if social and legal repayment do not.   A person's own mental and psychological retribution for their acts may continue indefinitely.Many psychological situations are viewed as diseases even though we don't really have a definition for (or officially believe in the existence of) the soul.   Psychology, for example, is, by definition, the study of the soul, but if asked, most people, including psychologists and psychiatrists would state that psychology is the study of the mind.   Ironically, psychologists do not officially believe in the existence of the mind either!Furthermore, sex offenses are often treated as if such crimes were caused by a disease or were a disease themselves.   However, even with real or other diseases (if we allow, just for the sake of argument, that some such offenses are the results of disease), there is no hard and firm definition of a disease even in situations where virtually everyone would agree that the situation (such as with cancer of cardiovascular disease) is a disease.The â€Å"retribution† theory of punishment holds that individuals should only be punished if they have done something wrong and their punishment should be in proportion to the wrong they have done.   This theory proposes that it is right to inflict pain, but recognizes that the innocent can get punished for things they did not do.   This is certainly a very serious consideration in any case of capital punishment.In other situations, an alleged criminal may eventually get a reprieve and be exonerated for a crime he or she did not commit even though their exoneration might come until after they have lost a few or even many valuable years in prison serving a term for a crime they did not commit.   However, in capital cases, exoneration is of little value after the alleged individual has been executed, and certainly, the criminal justice system must have executed many innocent individuals over the years.In such cases, both the known victim(s) of the crime and the individual accused of the crime become victims while the guilty party may permanently escape justice.   No one is punished for the crime because the individual who is punished is innocent.   So, the actual criminal has more or less committed an additional crime and gotten away with it.Whose rights are most important?   This question cannot be answered as asked.   The answer is not merely a matter of rights, but more a matter of safety.   The intent is to err on the side of safety, so the initial question has more to do with, â€Å"What will render the individuals of a community safe† than â€Å"Whose rights are most important†, certainly an important issue as well.   Some feel that Megan's law gives a false sense of security.   Statistics from the Bureau of Justice indicate that the overwhelming majority of sexually assaulted minors we re victimized by family members or acquaintances rather than by strangers.In fact, these statistics suggest that those who appear on a sex offenders registry would not really significantly resolve the problem of sex offenses against minors.   Thus, laws directed against the occasional stranger who might sexually assault minors would be like the tip of an iceberg in dealing with the actual problem.   Most victims will still be victimized and most of those guilty of the offense will never serve justice.   With the guilty party still free, laws similar to Megan's law would not really make most people any safer even if made people feel that way.However, statistics from the Bureau of Justice also indicate that sex offenders discharged from prison or sentenced to probation generally have a lower rate of re-arrest than other violent offenders but are substantially more likely than other violent offenders to be rearrested for a new violent sex offense (U.S. Department of Justice Press Release).   In cases of rape alone, execution is not an option.   Some have proposed that rapists be castrated (Vachss, 1993).   Castration is thought to emanate the male sex drive, but castration won't prevent murder as was the case in Megan Kanka's situation and some individuals get a vicarious thrill from the act of murder itself.Ultimately, the questions raised here are neither easy or straightforward.   Society may find those individuals who have committed violent sex offenses, try them, convict and sentence them and the accused individual, whether or not actually guilty, may pay for the crime.   However, it is certain that some guilty individuals will never be found, some innocent individuals will pay for sex (and other) crimes they have not committed and the laws designed to make society safer will work successfully at times and not at others.Perhaps we must live with the realization that answering the difficult questions raised here will not resolve our dilemma no matter what decisions we are ultimately to make.   All that we can actually do is to put laws in place that we believe will achieve a goal and then deal with every situation that arises on a case by case basis.   If we are honest and fair with our assessment, we will not trample the rights of victims nor victimize criminals any more than is necessary, if at all.   Our goal must be to try to be fair while protecting the safety of communities and those who live in them.   While we will never get the balance completely right, fairness is the key.ReferencesFlanagan, Russ.   â€Å"Megan's legacy, A child's death serves as a call to action†.   The Express Times, February 26, 2004.Vachss, Andrew.   â€Å"How Many Dead Children Are Needed to End the Rhetoric?†Ã‚   New York Daily News, August 12, 1994Vachss, Andrew.   â€Å"Sex Predators Can’t Be Saved.†Ã‚   New York Times, January 5, 1993Wikipedia, February, 7, 2007. ;https://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Murder_of_Megan_Kanka#Jesse_Timmendequas; 4 January 2007.

Cultural Diversity in the Neighborhood - 1951 Words

Marco Navarro Dr. Benjamin Looker Urban Crisis ASTD 322 February 23, 2009 Cultural Diversity within the Neighborhood Sitting in a dark theatre, an audience begins to rustle in their seats with excitement, anxiously awaiting the start of the show. The lights dim and the anticipation are diminished as the lights come up, the set of a street side unveils, and the beat begins. In one instant, the audience is transported from a simple theatre to the lively street-side of the neighborhood of Washington Heights, New York. This production is the 2008 Tony-winning â€Å"Best Musical† In the Heights. Written and composed by Lin Manuel Miranda, the show combines hip-hop and rap music with a variety of dancing styles to portray the life in the†¦show more content†¦In In the Heights, Usnavi celebrates his migrancy by proudly stating that he comes â€Å"from the greatest little place in the Caribbean, Dominican Republic† (Miranda). Usnavi takes pride for his country and flaunts to the audience about his heritage. In the past, this pride of t he native land never would have occurred for those who boasted about being immigrants were often profiled and treated differently. This change is essential in understanding how immigrants are able to more easily accept American culture by allowing a piece of their own culture stay within them which helps identify the feeling of community within the neighborhood better. In Susan Dicker’s article about the transitional community within the Dominican culture in Washington Heights, Dicker argues that complete assimilation for all immigrants into American culture is highly unlikely which causes cultural diversity. Immigrants, who move to a different place with a pre-established sense of culture and identity, maintain an attitude to refute the new culture in order to maintain theirs (Dicker 13). People do not like to fully submit themselves to assimilation because in order to do so, they must give up their own culture and accept another that is not truly theirs. The cultural ti es experienced at an early age are never easily lost and therefore remain within the population. Another reason why assimilation does not occur is that immigrants usually must learn a new language, which is difficultShow MoreRelatedCommunity Nursing 405 Windshield Survey Essay example995 Words   |  4 Pagesare many changes that I have observed in my neighborhood since living here for 21 years. There has been a recent migration of homeowners moving out of the neighborhoods. The home owners are either renting out their homes, to a new influx of section 8 tenants or they have chosen to walk away from their homes leaving many in the area to go into foreclosure. Foreclosure and crime are two of the biggest element of change that I have noticed in my neighborhood, and many of these problems arise from theRead MoreMy Community : The Importance Of Discrimination And Diversity774 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity is the epitome of the human race. We are in fact the same people, yet we h ave distinctions varying from ethnicity, culture and language. Although with these differences, as a collective race, it is our duty to break the barriers of discrimination and racism for every human being to feel accepted. It is important for communities to be embedded with diverse groups to showcase equality. The most essential factor in a community becoming diverse, are the people within the community. If a communityRead MoreAnalysis Of Bensonhurst And Bath Beach Puma1165 Words   |  5 Pages Over the years, Bensonhurst has diversified and experienced a remarkable amount of change, especially in terms of the population. Bensonhurst’s diversity is not limited to just those particular ethnic groups mentioned above, there are also a lot of Albanians, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and more.   According to the statistics of the residents in Bensonhurst Bath Beach Puma, NY, the most common country of origins is China, Ukraine, and Italy (â€Å"BENSONHURST BATH BEACH PUMA, NY,† n.d.). While, thereRead MorePeople Like Us By David Brooks861 Words   |  4 Pagescare about diversity all that much in America† (132). In â€Å"People Like us† David Brooks takes a logical approach through examining the demographics of our neighborhoods, our educational institutions, and he touches on an emotional approach by having his audience examine their values; he does this with hopes of having his audience question their word choice for the American value diversity, and question if the way they are living their lives invites diversity. 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Communities and housing involves the gathering of people and groups therefore we should look at the importance of diversity in this area. While some families of higher socioeconomic class believe that living amongRead MoreReport on Cultural Diversity Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesPhoenix Cultural Diversity and Special Populations BSHS 422 October 12, 2009 According to Kiosk (2006), â€Å"Culture is an important guiding force in individuals life and it shapes not only their perceptions, but their relationships with people and the world around them. Culture, in some ways, defines and organizes reality for people† (Kiosk,  2006). â€Å"An individual’s lifestyle, guiding beliefs and basic assumptions about life are also affected by culture† (Kiosk,  2006). Cultural diversityRead MoreSocial Disorganization And The Impact On Crime Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pagesinclude neighborhood sweeps both cleaning up and felon sweeps, community programs, and focusing more on those that do not have a record and those that already do. Social disorganization is the idea that place matters when analyzing a neighborhood’s ecological characteristics. This means where a person lives is a substantial factor that shapes the likelihood of someone becoming involved in illegal activities. For example, this theory suggests, youths living in disadvantaged neighborhoods will beRead MoreThe Social Of Crime And Criminal Behavior882 Words   |  4 Pages The influence that certain neighborhoods or environments have on crime has been observed and studied throughout the last two centuries. Many theories, such as the social disintegration theory, have been hypothesized to explain the effects of certain neighborhoods on crime. In addition, other theories have been presented, such as the collective efficacy theory, which serve to explain the reasons for reduced crime in other neighborhoods while presenting possible solutions to solve the problem ofRead MoreSegregation vs. Integration1387 Words   |  6 Pagescontentious debate in America. Three writers who have opposing ideas on this topic are Daniel T. Lichter, Michael S. Murray, and Danielle Holley-Walker. Daniel Lichter opposes the idea of integration in his article â€Å"Integration or Fragmentation? Racial Diversity and the American Future.† He explains the Third Demographic Transition and writes how integration will lead to the deterioration of the country. Michael S. Mur ray is also an advocate for segregation as he explains in his article â€Å"Segregation and

Monitoring Students Difficulties Response to...

Federal mandates allows the use of â€Å"response to intervention (RTI)† (Bender, 2008, p. 150) documentation as a way to monitor a student’s difficulty with learning in the classroom setting. Therefore, assessments administered to students in the classroom are part of the RTI process. Every student learns differently, and understanding how a student learns can help a teacher differentiate between students who require specific methods of instruction that will enable them to learn, and students who struggle because of a possible disability (Bender, 2008). Discovering how a student responds to interventions attempted in the classroom can provide documentation of successful strategies, and offers valuable information that can help reduce the†¦show more content†¦When planning interventions in tier two, collaboration with special education personnel can be beneficial, and should be considered at this stage. Tier three involves interventions provided through sup port from the student support team of the school. It may involve recommendations for more individualized testing, development of interventions that are tailored to the student’s specific needs, and if appropriate, referral for special education testing. Tier four involves the administration of comprehensive evaluations, eligibility determination, and placement in specialized programs tailored to address the student’s disability (Georgia Department of Education, 2008). Fictional Case Study that could occur in this researchers’ system The following is a fictional scenario of how assessment can be used in the RTI process for a 7-year-old student suspected of having speech-language disorder, specifically in the area of oral language would be conducted in this researcher’s school system. Tier One A classroom teacher notices that one of her students has difficulty following verbal directions. The student often seems lost and unable to understand what the teacher in asking during instruction. The teacher suspects that the student may have language difficulties, and schedules a consultation with the speech language pathologist (SLP). The SLP reviews the teacher’s concerns, and provides the teacher with language intervention strategies that she willShow MoreRelatedThe Response Of Intervention ( Rti ) Process Is A Multi Layered Tier Educational Model1069 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction The response to intervention (RtI) process is a multi-layered tier educational model in which students receive high-quality instruction according to their specific academic and behavioral needs through teacher-directed instruction (Cakiroglu, 2015). In many schools, how students with learning disabilities are identified for RtI is quickly becoming a debatable topic of interest. 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But for a very long time it was a subject which was not very much talked about or it was brushed under the carpet. It is quite understandable that it can be very distressing not only for the student but for the person who makes that decision or judgement. It came to lime light only after Cathering Duffy’s